
Josif Jughashvili "( joo-ga-SHVEE-lee )"
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In 1961, and again in 1962, two Jews, one an ex-Czech communist government official, the other a former editor of two of Britain's best-selling newspapers, collaborated to claim—very plausibly—that Joseph Stalin was of Jewish descent. In the article which follows, I will present their claim for the very first time on the internet, explain why it's plausible, who were the men who made it, and why it's unlikely to be true.
Columbia University's professor of History, Jerry Z. Muller, wrote in his 2010 book Capitalism and the Jews:
"Joseph Stalin, whose real surname of Dzhugashvili, according to an expatriate Ukrainian anti-Semite, is Georgian for “son of a Jew.” "
Muller does not provide a source, nor does he give the name of the "expatriate Ukrainian anti-Semitie", but the claim that Stalin's family name; Jughashvili/Dzhugashvili/Djughashvili/ means "son of a Jew" is a fairly common.
Incidentally, the spelling varies because Stalin's family name; ჯუღაშვილი in Georgian, transliterates to Jughashvili in English. But ჯუღაშვილი transliterates to Джугашвили in Russian, and Джугашвили transliterates to Dzhugashvili and Djughashvili in English. To quote a man fluent in Georgian:
"Dj" and "Dzh" are both fairly ridiculous transcriptions, widely hated among English-speakers in Georgia, because the Georgian ჯ (as in ჯუღაშვილი, Stalin's surname) is pronounced exactly like the J in English words like judge, jury, jam, etc. They exist because Russian doesn't have the English J / Georgian ჯ sound so Russians use two letters, D (Д) and zh (ж).
I've tried to keep my spelling of the name consistent in this article, but the majority of the sources I quote or cite, differ in their spelling of the name.
'Son of a Jugha'
(Jugha = Jews from Diu, an Indian island)
Maurice Pinay (a pseudonym of a anonymous Italian Catholic clergyman) wrote in his 1962 book Complotto contro la Chiesa (The Plot Against the Church):
"... Stalin himself, who for a long time was regarded as a Georgian of pure descent. But it has been revealed that he belongs to the Jewish race; for Djougachvili, which is his surname, means “Son of Djou”, and Djou is a small island in Persia, whither many banished Portuguese “Gypsies” migrated, who later settled in Georgia.
Today it is almost completely proved that Stalin had Jewish blood, although he neither confirmed nor denied the rumours, about which mutterings began in this direction."
Pinay's cited source for this claim was:
"Bernard Hutton: French magazine “Constéllation” No. 167 of March 1962, p. 202."
I've not been able to track down that magazine, but I have found other writing's by Bernard Hutton, also known as Joseph Bernard Hutton, and J. Bernard Hutton, pseudonyms of Czech Jew and former communist official Josef Heisler (who will be detailed later in this article), in which he claimed Stalin's family name suggests he was of Jewish descent. Here's what he wrote:
Extract from: Stalin: The Miraculous Georgian (1961):
"The penetration of the Ossetes was followed by another ethnical event—a group of immigrants (to Georgia) who came from Iran. They did not come in great numbers but they were active individuals such as soldiers, artisans and traders. These immigrants came from the island of 'Dzhu' in the Gulf of Cambay and included a number of Marranos, Portuguese Jews, who practised their religion in secret. In the dialect of the population of this region, the word 'Dzhuga' means 'Natives of the Island of Dzhu' and was the actual description given to Israelites. When, some centuries later, proper names were given to the people of Georgia—with the exception of the noblemen—the descendants of these immigrants from the island Dzhu became Dzhugashvili, which translated means: 'The Sons of Dzhu'.
The name Dzhugashvili discloses that Stalin had Jewish blood in his veins. He neither confirmed nor denied this. How many generations ago the Dzhugashvili-Stalin family practised the Jewish faith is difficult to say. Some historians maintain that his grand-father was Jewish, other deny it."
Extract from: The Private Life of Josif Stalin (1962):
"In later years, immigrants (to Georgia) came from Iran. They came from the island of 'Dzhu' and included a number of Marranos, Portugese Jews, who practised their religion in secret. In the dialect of the population of this region, the word 'Dzhuga' means 'Natives of the Island Dzhu' and was the actual description given to Israelites. When, some centuries later, proper names were given to the people of Georgia—with the exception of the noblemen—the descendants of these immigrants from the island Dzhu became Dzhugashvili, which translated means: 'The Sons of Dzhu'.
The name Dzhugashvili discloses that Stalin had Jewish blood in his veins. He neither confirmed nor denied this. How many generations ago the Dzhugashvili-Stalin family practised the Jewish faith is difficult to say. Some historians maintain that his grand-father was Jewish, other deny it."
Both these quoted extracts from Hutton/Heisler's books (the second he only co-authored) are almost verbatim, except that the first gives the location of the island of Dzhu; "in the Gulf of Cambay". Also worth noting, is that Hutton/Heisler's "Dzhu" appears as if it is transliterated from Russian (i.e. the "Dzh"), if it had been transliterated from Georgian to English is would likely be "the island of Ju" and "the Sons of Ju".
Georgia outlined in yellow, and the Gulf of Khambhat (formerly the Gulf of Cambay), India, marked by the red arrow.
In the Gulf of Khambhat, is the Island of Diu, and it was a Portuguese colony for over
400 years.
wikipedia The name Diu
derives from the Sanskrit word
dvipa meaning "island"
"Diu is a remarkable city in this kingdom, situated in a small island, which is separated from the main land, by a very narrow channel: the convenience of its haven drew many merchants thither; so that it was then a celebrated mart, famous for its trade and riches."
— The History of the Portuguese, published 1752
The Portuguese fort which still stands on the island of Diu is now almost 400 years old and is one of India's popular tourist attractions. Diu had been a vital port city where all ships entering and leaving the Gulf of Khambhat—a very important commercial and pilgrim route between India and the Middle East—were required to call at, and pay the Portuguese rulers a duty, perhaps what the structure built out at sea was for.
Jewish sources confirm that Marranos (crypto-Jews) were on the island of Diu, and that Marranos existed in vast numbers, and dominated trade in Portuguese India.
Banner of the Goan Inquisition
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The Goan Inquisition (1560—1812), was the Indian branch of Portuguese Inquisition, formed to stamp out heresy in Portuguese India. Of the single book of records that remain for Goan Inquisition, it's clear that one of their earliest targets were Marranos (crypto-Jews), Jews, or the the descendants of Jews, forced to convert to Catholicism, but were practising the customs of Judaism in secret. As Jewish sources confirm, due to the power achieved by their wealth in Portuguese India, prior to the arrival of the Inquisition in 1561, some Marranos openly practised Judaism there.
This 1836 encyclopedia states that all records were burnt when the Goan Inquisition was abolished by King John VI in June 1812 as part of an Anglo-Portuguese treaty. Although an inventory (photo of its cover) written c.1625 by an Goan Inquisitor named Joáo Delgado Figueria and dispatched back to Lisbon, details the 3,800 trials the Goan Inquisition conducted in India between 1561 and 1623. During the Inquisition's first 30 years in India, 321 people were tried for crypto-Judaism. Many more Marranos were surely imprisoned and tortured without them ever facing trial, and even more must have fled from Portuguese territory to escape the Inquisition.
This 1832 British publication states a Dominican friar named Manuel da Costa was the Goan Inquisition's representative, and absolute authority, on the island of Diu c.1760. This 1834 publication by the British East India Company confirms the same.
Son of scum

Jughashvili means "son of jugha" in Georgian, and despite claims, more claims, further claims, and persistent claims to the contrary, ჯუღა ('jugha', or via Russian to English: 'djuga' or 'dzhuga', pronounced joo-gush), is not at all related to the Georgian words for 'iron' = რკინა ("rkina" pronounced ruh-KEEN-uh, with a really short "ruh") or 'steel'= ფოლადი ("poladi" pronounced PO-lah-dee). 'Jugha' doesn't mean anything in modern Georgian. The suffix 'shvili' means 'child' or 'son' in Georgian, and is common in Georgian surnames/family names.
Some researchers have claimed 'dzuha' is derived from the Ossetic word for 'dross', the waste skimmed from molten metal during the smelting process. Therefore "son of scum" would be a more precise translation of the Stalin family name.
Stalin's mother Ketevan 'Keke' Jughashvili (née Geladze) wrote memoirs which weren't discovered until 2005 in the archive of the Georgian Communist Party. She claimed that her husband (Stalin's father) Vissarion Jughashvili, had told her that his name originated from the Georgian word 'djogi' which means 'herd', as his family had been herdsmen, driven out of the town of Geri by marauding Ossetians.
I contacted an American teacher who lives and works in Georgia, married a Georgian lady, and speaks the language fluently. I asked his opinion on whether Jughashvili could really be a corruption of the Georgian word 'djogi', he wrote:
"... the "g" in Jughashvili and the "g" in jogi are different. Stalin's "g" is ღ, which is a fricative sound (the airstream doesn't stop when you say it — see or see). The "g" in herd is გ, which is a normal English g like in "great" or "go."
The reason this is important is that in Georgian the "g" in "jogi" is very distinct from the "g" in "jugha." Non-Georgians may have trouble hearing the difference, but Georgians generally do not. "Jugha" and "jogis" (jogis = of the herd) wouldn't sound alike and Jughashvili and Jogisshvili wouldn't sound alike - at least, not enough alike for the name to change from a well-known word to a meaningless word within a generation or two."
The origin of Jughashvili being the Georgian word 'djogi' (herd) is corroborated by an article discovered in the Georgian Branch of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Tbilisi, it's entitled Childhood and School Years: Iosif Vissarionovich Jughashvili (Stalin), and was written during his life time by an unknown author. It reads:
"According to the story of Olga Kasradze (who knew Jughashvili) and peasants from the village of (Didi-)Lilo—we read here—the name "Jughashvili," as they have heard from the Vissarion [Stalin's father] occurred in the following way: Their great-grandfather lived in the Mtiuleti mountains and served as a shepherd. He was very fond of animals, and jealously guarded the flock from all troubles and sorrows, and so he was given the nickname "Jogisshvili" (which means "son of the herd"). "This nickname was later transformed into the name "Jughashvili."
The Mtiuleti mountains are less than 100 miles from the small village which shares Stalin's family name:
Jughaani stands between three seasonal meltwater rivers at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains (view on map). This village is 35 miles from Didi-lilo, the town where Stalin's great-grandfather, Zaza Jughashvili (an Ossetian), supposedly first settled in Georgia c.1804 (full details below).
Georgian historian Ivane Javakhishvili, in his 1939 unpublished paper What is the Origin of the Surname of the Great Leader?, speculated that Stalin's ancestors had settled in Jughaani, and one of them had later taken its name as his own.
I asked the American teacher in Georgia (mentioned above) of this town named Jughanni, and whether its name had any meaning. He replied:
"I can't find anything on the meaning of the name Jughaani, although it's theorized that Stalin's real surname (Jughashvili) is derived from that village. I asked my wife and she had never heard of the village and the word has no current meaning in modern Georgian."
Diu = Dzhu / Djou / Jou ?
As previously mention, the name Diu derives from the Sanskrit word 'dvipa', which means 'island'. The Georgian word for 'island' is კუნძული, or "kundzuli", the Persian is جزیره, or 'jazireye', the (modern) Hebrew is אי, or 'eek'. But what language(s) Persian Jews who emigrated first to Diu (which had it's very own language) and then later to Georgia, may have spoken, and whether "Jugha" could be a Georgianised version of Diu, via Persian, or another language, is well beyond my ability to even guess at.
The Jews who claimed Stalin had Jewish Blood
Jack Fishman is buried in Golders Green Jewish Cemetery in London, he claimed Adolf Hitler ruffled his blond hair on a trip to Berlin when he was ten years old, blaming the incident for his early hair-loss. An extraordinary successful journalist, newspaper editor, author, spy-catcher, pop song lyrics-writer, and movie soundtrack overseer. Between 1969—1971 over 10,000,000 copies of his songs were sold, although his song-lyrics were mostly written under pseudonyms, as he didn't wish his song-writing (which had started as a hobby) to discredit his reputation as a serious journalist.
Fishman was the main author of The Private Life of Josif Stalin (1962), quoted from above. But as I've shown, the extract about Stalin being of Jewish descent, if almost verbatim with the extract from Stalin: The Miraculous Georgian (1961), written solely by Fishman's co-author of The Private Life of Josif Stalin; Josef Heisler (see below). Obituaries for Fishman from two of Britain's leading newspapers, can be read here and here.
Czech Jew: Josef Heisler (1911 - unknown)
Josef Heisler was a Czech journalist, an author, a graduate of Berlin University, a communist, a defectee, a C.I.A. suspected Soviet agent, and a self-proclaimed spirit guide with time-travelling abilities! He was also the first person (that I can find) to claim the Stalin's family name proves he was of Jewish descent.
To avoid making this too long, I'll just briefly summarize what I have and haven't learnt about Heisler, and link to where more can be read on each topic:
Based on this genealogy site, Heisler was Jewish. The man listed as the brother is almost certainly the Czech Jew and surrealist artist Jindrich Heisler. The two Czech Heislers bare a remarkable similarity. If this is correct, Josef Heisler was the son of a wealthy Czechoslovakian Jewish industrialist.
In 1932 Heisler, who later went by the name Joseph Bernard Hutton, was in Hamburg, where he travelled 11 years into the future and witnessed the devastating British bombing of the city. In 1939 he fled to Britain and became the press attaché of the exiled Czech government. What exactly he did after the war, I don't know, some sources state he was a "high-ranking Czecho-Slovakian diplomat, who was a member of the Central Committee of the Czech Communist Party." But when exactly he defected is unclear, but obviously before he wrote his two biographies of Stalin (published in 1961 and 1962).
Heisler/Hutton would go on to write a vast number of books, particularly about the Soviet spy network operating in the West. A early 1960s C.I.A. document declassified in 1993, shows that American Intelligence was of the opinion that Heisler/Hutton may still be an active Soviet agent—a "cold warrior"—spreading propaganda about the seemingly invincible power of the Soviet espionage. A book published in 2009, states in no uncertain terms, that Heisler/Hutton simply invented many of his claims about Soviet spies, particularly female ones.
Heisler/Hutton was clearly a very talented author, even if he did write a lot of nonsense; dreamt up female spies, Nazi occultism, the paranormal, and physic healing, but does this mean his claim about Stalin's family name was also his own creation? After his supposed, but C.I.A. doubted, defection from communism to Britain, he was purportedly just an author (a prolific one), and like most authors, he wanted to sell as many books as he could, so it's easy to understand why he invented so many sensational claims.
Sources do state he was involved in the communist government of post-WWII Czechoslovakia, if this was true he would have been in a position to hear many rumours of the new overlord of Eastern Europe; Stalin. And on face-value, Heisler/Hutton's claim that Jughashvili means 'The Sons of Dzhu', who were descendants of Jews from then Portuguese colony of Diu, is plausible. Although Heisler/Hutton claimed in both books that: "Some historians maintain that his (Stalin's) grand-father was Jewish, other deny it." He neglected to mention just who these historians are.
The Jughashvili's Orthodox Christianity
Stalin's father, Vissarion 'Beso' Jughashvili was a baptised and practising Christian. Stalin's mother Ketevan Geladze was a baptised and devout Christian. Stalin's parents married in the Uspensky church (Cathedral of the Assumption) in Gori (map / photo), on May 17, 1872. Rumours that Jughashvili was not Stalin's father, were abound in Gori (Stalin's home town) even when he was a child (but that's not the focus of this article).
According to British-Jewish Stalin biographer Simon Seabag-Monteifiore, Stalin's paternal great-grandfather Zaza Jughashvili was an Ossetian, "semi-pagan mountain people", from the village of Geri (nothing seems to remain of it. map). He and other "baptised Ossetians" settled in Didi-Lilo c.1804. Didi-Lilo is 35 miles from the small village of Jughaani mentioned above.
Zaza's son (Stalin's paternal grandfather); Vano Jughashvili, was a serf, and tended the vines of the Prince Badur Machabeli. Nothing is known of Stalin's paternal grandmother or great-grandmother, nor is the maiden name of his maternal grand-mother, nor anything about his maternal great-grandparents, aside from the fact, that all Stalin's grandparents had been serfs of local princes until serfdom was abolished in 1860.
Stalin was a baptised Christian, a choirboy, and Seminary student. His communist regime killed Christians in their tens of millions. According to "Revelations from the Russian Archives", available from the Library of Congress, by 1939, 99% of Orthodox churches in the Soviet Union had been shut down.
Closing Statements:
There's clearly no consensus of opinion about the real origin of the name Jughashvili. A brief summary of the claims of what Jugha means:
1. In "(old) Georgian" it means 'iron' or 'steel'
2. It's related to the Ossetian word for a foundry waste product
3. It's the root of the Georgian word for 'herd'
4. It sounds as if it has an Ossetian root
1. Is just a lie
2. Is ridiculous
3. Is plausible (just not to fluent speakers of Georgian)
4. Is speculation. 134 years after Stalin was born, if it meant something in Ossetian, it should be known by now
There's no point re-hashing here what I've written above about No.3, but in final summary: It's notable that both sources which claimed No.3 (Stalin's mother and Olga Kasradze), both heard it from Stalin's father, and in both versions Stalin's sheep-herding great-grandfather is portrayed as Georgian menaced by Ossetians sheep rustlers, when in actual fact he was Ossetian. Shorty before his death in 1909, Stalin's father's ethnicity was noted as Ossetian on hospital records.
Jew
If Stalin had been cognisant that he had Jewish blood, it would not be unreasonable to expect that some rumour of it would have made it into print, somewhere. But it hasn't.
This claim from the Heisler and Fishman is reminiscent of another claim by a very influential Jew. A claim—like this one—that's perplexing as to why an influential Jew should make it. That was the 1941 assertion by Emery Rosenbaum, Winston Churchill's media advisor, that Adolf Hitler was sired by one of the Rothschild banking dynasty!
I don't believe for an instant that Stalin had a "pathological hatred of Jews and Judaism", as one prominent Holocaust survivor claims. His son and daughter married Jews, some of his closest confidants up-until his final days were Jews or gentiles with Jewish wives. He may have had a few Jews tried and executed, suspected allies of Trotsky, and those he thought were out to poison him, but he killed millions upon millions of Christians, and no court historian would ever claim he had a "pathological hatred of Christians and Christianity."
Heisler and Fishman were undoubtedly talented, well-educated, highly successful, and very well connected in many different and influential fields. The claim of the Jews from the island of Dzhu was Heisler's originally, although Fishman must have been convinced by it to have included it in his book. Heisler's claim is intriguing, and might explain why so much nonsense is still claimed about the origin of the name Jughashvili, but it is merely conjecture, and likely to stay so.